Musician's Context Ontology
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Musician's Context Ontology

Release: 2025-02-03T10:00:00

This version:
http://purl.org/ontology/musico#0.1
Latest version:
http://purl.org/ontology/musico#
Authors:
Luca Turchet
Contributors:
Andrea Molinari
Jacopo Tomelleri
Paolo Bouquet
Download serialization:
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License:
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Cite as:
Luca Turchet. Musician's Context Ontology. Retrieved from: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#0.1
Provenance of this page
Ontology Specification Draft
The paradigm of context-aware computing allows one to store situational and environmental information in such a way that its interpretation can be done easily and more meaningfully. In turn, this understanding is used to anticipate users' needs and proactively provide them with situation-aware content and experiences. Whereas context-awareness has been investigated extensively in the computer science and IoT disciplines, it has been largely overlooked by the research community dealing with musical interfaces design. Existing musical instruments are not equipped with the ability of understanding the context around them, namely who is the musician playing them, what musical activity is being conducted, as well as where and when. Enhancing musical instruments with context-awareness has the concrete potential to enable novel kinds of interactions between musicians and musical content in a large variety of situations, from playing alone to playing in group, from music learning to music composition. To accomplish such a vision of intelligence embedded in musical instruments it is necessary to model the context around their users. In this paper, we present an ontology devised to represent the knowledge related to musicians and musical activities, the ``Musician Context Ontology'' (MUSICO) with the aim of facilitating the development of context-aware musical applications. There was no previous comprehensive data model for the domain of musicians' context, nevertheless the new ontology relates to several existing ontologies, including the Internet of Musical Things Ontology to represent Internet of Musical Things ecosystems and the Music Ontology that deals with the description of the music value-chain from production to consumption. This paper documents the design of the ontology and its evaluation with respect to specific requirements gathered from an extensive literature review and interviews with musicians.

Introduction back to ToC

This ontology has the following namespaces.

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
[Ontology NS Prefix]<http://purl.org/ontology/musico#>
bio<http://purl.org/vocab/bio/0.1/>
cc<http://web.resource.org/cc/>
dc<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
device<http://purl.org/ontology/studio/device/>
en<http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/>
event<http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl#>
foaf<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
iomust<http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/iomust/>
mo<http://purl.org/ontology/mo/>
musico<http://purl.org/ontology/musico/>
obo<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/>
ontology<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
owl<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
rdf<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
rdfs<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
schema<https://schema.org/>
smi<http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/smi#>
swrl<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#>
swrla<http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl#>
swrlb<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#>
terms<http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
xml<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
xsd<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

Musician's Context Ontology: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Annotation Properties

SWRL Rules

The ontology is described in the scientific paper listed in the references.

Cross-reference for Musician's Context Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Musician's Context Ontology.

Classes

Bandc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#Band

has super-classes
Music Group c

ChamberEnsemblec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#ChamberEnsemble

has super-classes
Music Group c

ComposersGroupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#ComposersGroup

A group of composers (e.g., involved in a collaborative music composition activity)
has super-classes
MusiciansGroup c

Composition Sessionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#CompositionSession

A music composition event. The composition activity may be conducted by an individual or a group.
has super-classes
MusicalEvent c
is disjoint with
Performance c, Jam Session c, Music Lesson c, Performance c, Recreational Music Making c, Rehearsal c, Self Learning c

ConcertHallc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#ConcertHall

has super-classes
Music Venue c

ConservatoryOfMusicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#ConservatoryOfMusic

has super-classes
MusicSchool c

Homec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#Home

has super-classes
Music Venue c

HumanArrangerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#HumanArranger

An actual human being involved in an arragnement of a music piece.
is equivalent to
Arranger c and HumanMusician c
has super-classes
HumanMusician c

HumanComposerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#HumanComposer

An actual human being involved in a music composition process.
is equivalent to
Composer c and HumanMusician c
has super-classes
HumanMusician c

HumanConductorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#HumanConductor

An actual human being involved in the direction of a group of musicians, such as an orchestra director.
is equivalent to
Conductor c and HumanMusician c
has super-classes
HumanMusician c

HumanLiveSoundEngineerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#HumanLiveSoundEngineer

An actual human sound engineer involved in sound engineering activities (e.g., mixing) during live music events (e.g., performances).
is equivalent to
HumanMusician c and LiveSoundEngineer c
has super-classes
HumanMusician c

HumanMusicianc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#HumanMusician

An actual human being involved in a musical activity (e.g., composition, performance)
is equivalent to
Musician c and Person c
has super-classes
Musician c
has sub-classes
HumanArranger c, HumanComposer c, HumanConductor c, HumanLiveSoundEngineer c, HumanMusicLearner c, HumanMusicTeacher c, HumanPerformer c, HumanStudioProducer c
is in domain of
gets recommended event op, gets recommended genre op, gets recommended instrument op, gets recommended music venue op, in_participation op, interested in op, uses op
is in range of
participating_musician op
is disjoint with
VirtualMusician c

HumanMusicLearnerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#HumanMusicLearner

An actual human being involved in an activity of learning music.
is equivalent to
HumanMusician c and MusicLearner c
has super-classes
HumanMusician c

HumanMusicTeacherc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#HumanMusicTeacher

An actual human being involved in an activity of teaching music.
is equivalent to
HumanMusician c and MusicTeacher c
has super-classes
HumanMusician c

HumanPerformerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#HumanPerformer

An actual human being involved in a performance activity.
is equivalent to
Performer c and HumanMusician c
has super-classes
HumanMusician c

HumanStudioProducerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#HumanStudioProducer

is equivalent to
HumanMusician c and StudioProducer c
has super-classes
HumanMusician c
has sub-classes
HumanStudioProducerBedroom c, HumanStudioProducerProfessional c

HumanStudioProducerBedroomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#HumanStudioProducerBedroom

has super-classes
HumanStudioProducer c

HumanStudioProducerProfessionalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#HumanStudioProducerProfessional

has super-classes
HumanStudioProducer c

IndoorArenac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#IndoorArena

has super-classes
Music Venue c

Instrumentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Instrument

is equivalent to
Instrument c

Jam Sessionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#JamSession

A jam session event. Takes as agent a musicians group.
has super-classes
MusicalEvent c
is disjoint with
Performance c, Composition Session c, Music Lesson c, Performance c, Recreational Music Making c, Rehearsal c, Self Learning c

JazzClubc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#JazzClub

has super-classes
Music Venue c

LearnersGroupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#LearnersGroup

A group of music learners (e.g., involved in a music lesson).
has super-classes
MusiciansGroup c

LiveSoundEngineerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#LiveSoundEngineer

A sound engineer involved in sound engineering activities (e.g., mixing) during live music events (e.g., performances), either a human or a software agent.
is equivalent to
live_engineered op some Performance c
has super-classes
Agent c
is in domain of
live_engineered op
is in range of
live engineer op

M F O E M 000193c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000193

is equivalent to
Person c
is in range of
displayed_mood op, expressed_mood op, felt_mood op, recognized_mood op

MultiagentEventc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#MultiagentEvent

An event conducted by more than one individual. For instance, a concert performed by an orchestra.
is equivalent to
Event c and (is_multiagent_event dp value true)
has super-classes
Event c
is disjoint with
SoloEvent c

Music Genrec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://dbpedia.org/ontology/MusicGenre

is equivalent to
Genre c

Music Lessonc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#MusicLesson

A music lesson event. Takes as agents the music teacher and music learner, as well as teachers group and learners groups.
has super-classes
MusicalEvent c
is disjoint with
Performance c, Composition Session c, Jam Session c, Performance c, Recreational Music Making c, Rehearsal c, Self Learning c

MusicalApplicationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#MusicalApplication

A software application specific to the musical domain.
has super-classes
Application c

MusicalEventc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#MusicalEvent

A musical event related to a musical activity, such as a performance, lesson, rehearsal. A musical event is composed by different musical sessions.
has super-classes
Event c
has sub-classes
Composition Session c, Jam Session c, Music Lesson c, Performance c, Recreational Music Making c, Rehearsal c, Self Learning c
is in domain of
has_group op, public access dp, super musical event op
is in range of
gets recommended event op, interested in op, involved_event op, sub musical event op
is disjoint with
MusicalSession c

MusicalServicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#MusicalService

A service used by a musician (e.g., social networks, music editing software, digital audio workstations, music streaming services, or collaborative music making online platforms)
has super-classes
Service c
is in range of
uses op
has members
Ableton Live ni, Audacity ni, Facebook ni, Logic ni, Sound Cloud ni, Sound Trap ni, You Tube ni

MusicalSessionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#MusicalSession

A part of a musical event (e.g., the period in which a given musical piece has been played)
has super-classes
Event c
is in domain of
sub musical event op
is in range of
involved_event op, super musical event op
is disjoint with
MusicalEvent c

Musicianc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#Musician

An actual human being involved in a musical activity (e.g., composition, performance) or a software agent capable of performing a musical activity
has super-classes
Agent c
has sub-classes
HumanMusician c, VirtualMusician c
is in domain of
expertise_level dp, multi-instrumentalism_level dp, plays_genre op, plays_instrument op, professional_level dp

MusicianParticipationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#MusicianParticipation

The act of a given musician of participating in a musical event
has super-classes
Action c
is in domain of
displayed_emotion op, displayed_mood op, expressed_emotion op, expressed_mood op, felt_emotion op, felt_mood op, involved_event op, is_situated dp, is_synchronous dp, learnt_musical_work op, participating_musician op, played_instrument op, played_musical_work op, recognized_emotion op, recognized_mood op, taught_musical_work op
is in range of
in_participation op

MusiciansGroupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#MusiciansGroup

A group of musicians who perform a musical activity together.
has super-classes
Group c
has sub-classes
ComposersGroup c, LearnersGroup c, TeachersGroup c
is in domain of
professional_level dp
is in range of
has_group op

MusicLearnerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#MusicLearner

An actual human being involved in an activity of learning music or a software agent capable of learning music.
has super-classes
Agent c
is in domain of
is_pupil_of op, learns_music_at op
is in range of
is_mentor_of op

MusicSchoolc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#MusicSchool

has super-classes
Music Venue c
has sub-classes
ConservatoryOfMusic c

MusicTeacherc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#MusicTeacher

An actual human being involved in an activity of teaching music or a software agent capable of teaching music.
has super-classes
Agent c
is in domain of
is_mentor_of op, teaches_music_at op
is in range of
is_pupil_of op

OpenSpacec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#OpenSpace

has super-classes
Music Venue c
has sub-classes
Park c, Stadium c

OperaHousec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#OperaHouse

has super-classes
Music Venue c

Orchestrac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#Orchestra

has super-classes
Music Group c

Parkc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#Park

has super-classes
OpenSpace c

Performancec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Performance

is equivalent to
Performance c
is in domain of
live engineer op
is in range of
live_engineered op
is disjoint with
Composition Session c, Jam Session c, Music Lesson c, Performance c, Recreational Music Making c, Rehearsal c, Self Learning c

Performancec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#Performance

A music performance event, such as a live concert.
has super-classes
MusicalEvent c
is in domain of
sub festival event op, sub tour event op
is in range of
super festival event op, super tour event op
is disjoint with
Performance c, Composition Session c, Jam Session c, Music Lesson c, Recreational Music Making c, Rehearsal c, Self Learning c

Personc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person

is equivalent to
Person c
is in domain of
disability_type dp, has_disability dp

RecordingStudioc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#RecordingStudio

has super-classes
Music Venue c

Recreational Music Makingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#RecreationalMusicMaking

An event where a musician plays for fun an instrument, alone or in group. Takes as agent the performer.
has super-classes
MusicalEvent c
is disjoint with
Performance c, Composition Session c, Jam Session c, Music Lesson c, Performance c, Rehearsal c, Self Learning c

Rehearsalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#Rehearsal

A rehearsal event. Takes as agent the performer as well as a musicians group.
has super-classes
MusicalEvent c
is disjoint with
Performance c, Composition Session c, Jam Session c, Music Lesson c, Performance c, Recreational Music Making c, Self Learning c

RehearsalRoomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#RehearsalRoom

has super-classes
Music Venue c

Self Learningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#SelfLearning

An event in which an individual learns music theory or practice by himself/herself.
has super-classes
MusicalEvent c
is disjoint with
Performance c, Composition Session c, Jam Session c, Music Lesson c, Performance c, Recreational Music Making c, Rehearsal c

SoftwareAgentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#SoftwareAgent

A software agent.
has super-classes
Agent c

SoloEventc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#SoloEvent

An event conducted by a unique individual. For example, a guitar recital performed by a unique classical guitar player.
is equivalent to
Event c and (is_solo_event dp value true)
has super-classes
Event c
is disjoint with
MultiagentEvent c

SoundEngineerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/mo/SoundEngineer

is equivalent to
SoundEngineer c
StudioProducer c

SoundEngineerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#SoundEngineer

A sound engineer.
is equivalent to
StudioProducer c

Stadiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#Stadium

has super-classes
OpenSpace c

StudioProducerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#StudioProducer

A studio producer.
has super-classes
Agent c

TeachersGroupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#TeachersGroup

A group of teachers (e.g., involved in a music lesson).
has super-classes
MusiciansGroup c

Tourc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#Tour

A tour event. A tour comprises various performances.
has super-classes
Event c
is in domain of
super tour event op
is in range of
sub tour event op

Virtual Live Sound Engineeerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#VirtualLiveSoundEngineeer

A software agent capable of performing activities of live sound engineering.
is equivalent to
LiveSoundEngineer c and VirtualMusician c
has super-classes
VirtualMusician c

VirtualArrangerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#VirtualArranger

A software agent capable of making an arragnement of a music piece.
is equivalent to
Arranger c and VirtualMusician c
has super-classes
VirtualMusician c

VirtualComposerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#VirtualComposer

An software agent capable of composing music.
is equivalent to
Composer c and VirtualMusician c
has super-classes
VirtualMusician c

VirtualConductorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#VirtualConductor

A software agent capable of directing a group of musicians, such as an orchestra director.
is equivalent to
Conductor c and VirtualMusician c
has super-classes
VirtualMusician c

VirtualMusicianc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#VirtualMusician

A software agent capable of performing a musical activity (e.g., composition via computational creativity techniques)
is equivalent to
Musician c and SoftwareAgent c
has super-classes
Musician c
has sub-classes
Virtual Live Sound Engineeer c, VirtualArranger c, VirtualComposer c, VirtualConductor c, VirtualMusicLearner c, VirtualMusicTeacher c, VirtualPerformer c, VirtualStudioProducer c
is in range of
has_virtual_musician op
is disjoint with
HumanMusician c

VirtualMusicLearnerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#VirtualMusicLearner

A software agent capable of learning music.
is equivalent to
MusicLearner c and VirtualMusician c
has super-classes
VirtualMusician c

VirtualMusicTeacherc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#VirtualMusicTeacher

A software agent capable of teaching music.
is equivalent to
MusicTeacher c and VirtualMusician c
has super-classes
VirtualMusician c

VirtualPerformerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#VirtualPerformer

A software agent capable of performing.
is equivalent to
Performer c and VirtualMusician c
has super-classes
VirtualMusician c

VirtualStudioProducerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#VirtualStudioProducer

is equivalent to
StudioProducer c and VirtualMusician c
has super-classes
VirtualMusician c

Object Properties

displayed_emotionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#displayed_emotion

The act of a virtual musician to display a given emotion while taking part in a musical event.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
M F O E M 000001 c

displayed_moodop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#displayed_mood

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
MusicianParticipation c
is also defined as
data property

expressed_emotionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#expressed_emotion

The act of a human musician to express a given emotion while taking part in a musical event.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
M F O E M 000001 c

expressed_moodop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#expressed_mood

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
MusicianParticipation c
is also defined as
data property

felt_emotionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#felt_emotion

The act of a human musician to feel a given emotion while taking part in a musical event.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
M F O E M 000001 c

felt_moodop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#felt_mood

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
MusicianParticipation c
is also defined as
data property

gets recommendationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#gets_recommendation

Relates an agent to a thing, such that the thing is recommended to the agent.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has sub-properties
gets recommended event op, gets recommended genre op, gets recommended instrument op, gets recommended music venue op, gets recommended user op
has domain
Agent c
has range
Thing c

has_groupop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#has_group

Relates a musical event to a group of musicians.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
MusicalEvent c
has range
MusiciansGroup c

has_virtual_musicianop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#has_virtual_musician

An application runnin on a smart musical instrument has a software agent capable of performing a musical activity.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
S M I Application c
has range
VirtualMusician c

in_participationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#in_participation

Relates a human musician to a MusicianParticipation.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
HumanMusician c
has range
MusicianParticipation c
is inverse of
participating_musician op

interested inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#interested_in

The act of a human musician of being interested in a given musical event.
has domain
HumanMusician c
has range
MusicalEvent c

involved_eventop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#involved_event

Relates a MusicianParticipation to a musical event or a part of a musical event.

has characteristics: functional, asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
MusicalEvent c or MusicalSession c

is_mentor_ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#is_mentor_of

Relates a music teacher to a music learner, such that the teacher is the mentor of the learner.

has characteristics: irreflexive

has domain
MusicTeacher c
has range
MusicLearner c
is inverse of
is_pupil_of op

is_pupil_ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#is_pupil_of

Relates a music learner to a music teacher, such that the learner is the pupil of the teacher.

has characteristics: irreflexive

has domain
MusicLearner c
has range
MusicTeacher c
is inverse of
is_mentor_of op

learns_music_atop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#learns_music_at

Relates a music learner to the venue where he/she conducts the learning activity.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
MusicLearner c
has range
Music Venue c

learnt_musical_workop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#learnt_musical_work

Relates a MusicianParticipation ot a musical work, such that a musician learnt a given musical work during a musical activity.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
Musical Work c

live engineerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#live_engineer

Relates a performance to a human being or virtual agent who were involved in as live sound engineers.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
agent op
has domain
Performance c
has range
LiveSoundEngineer c
is inverse of
live_engineered op

live_engineeredop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#live_engineered

Relates human beings or software agents to the performances they were involved in as live sound engineers.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
event op, is Agent In op
has domain
LiveSoundEngineer c
has range
Performance c
is inverse of
live engineer op

participating_musicianop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#participating_musician

Relates a MusicianParticipation to a human musician.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
participant op
has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
HumanMusician c
is inverse of
in_participation op

played genreop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#played_genre

A music genre is played at a music venue.

has characteristics: irreflexive

has domain
Music Venue c
has range
Genre c

played_instrumentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#played_instrument

Relates a MusicianParticipation ot a smart musical instrument, such that a musician played a given smart musical instrument during a musical activity.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
Smart Instrument c

played_musical_workop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#played_musical_work

Relates a MusicianParticipation ot a musical work, such that a musician played a given musical work during a musical activity.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
Musical Work c

plays_genreop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#plays_genre

A musician or a group of musicians who play a given musical genre.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
Musician c or Musicians Group c
has range
Genre c

plays_instrumentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#plays_instrument

A musician who plays a musical instrument.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
Musician c
has range
Instrument c

recognized_emotionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#recognized_emotion

The act of a virtual musician to recongize a given emotion while taking part in a musical event.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
M F O E M 000001 c

recognized_moodop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#recognized_mood

The act of a virtual musician to recongize a given mood while taking part in a musical event.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
M F O E M 000193 c

sub festival eventop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#sub_festival_event

A Performance that is part of a Festival. For example, the concert of Jimi Hendrix at Woodstock is part of such festival. Note that a Performance can be part of a Festival and also of a Tour.

has characteristics: functional, asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
sub Event op
has domain
Performance c
has range
Festival c
is inverse of
super festival event op

sub musical eventop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#sub_musical_event

A MusicalSession that is part of a MusicalEvent. For example, a lesson can be composed of different parts (such as a theoretical part), each of which is a sub-musical event of the lesson.

has characteristics: functional, asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
sub Event op
has domain
MusicalSession c
has range
MusicalEvent c
is inverse of
super musical event op

sub tour eventop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#sub_tour_event

A Performance that is part of a Tour. For example, the concert in New York of the Dream Theater is part of the US tour of the band. Note that a Performance can be part of a Tour and also of a Festival.

has characteristics: functional, asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
sub Event op
has domain
Performance c
has range
Tour c
is inverse of
super tour event op

sub_genreop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#sub_genre

A property relating a genre as a subgenre of another. E.g., Bebop or Swing are sub-genres of the Jazz genre.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
Genre c
has range
Genre c

super festival eventop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#super_festival_event

A Festival that includes a Performance. For example, the 1969 edition of the Woodstock festival included a performance of Jimi Hendrix.

has characteristics: functional, asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
super Event op
has domain
Festival c
has range
Performance c
is inverse of
sub festival event op

super musical eventop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#super_musical_event

A MusicalEvent that includes a MusicalSession. For example, a lesson includes a teoretical session and a practical one.

has characteristics: functional, asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
super Event op
has domain
MusicalEvent c
has range
MusicalSession c
is inverse of
sub musical event op

super tour eventop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#super_tour_event

A Tour that includes a Performance. For example, the 2025 US tour of the band Dream Theater includes a concert in New York.

has characteristics: functional, asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
super Event op
has domain
Festival c
Tour c
has range
Performance c
is inverse of
sub tour event op

taught_musical_workop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#taught_musical_work

Relates a MusicianParticipation ot a musical work, such that a musician taught a given musical work during a musical activity.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
Musical Work c

teaches_music_atop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#teaches_music_at

Relates a music teacher to the venue where he/she conducts the teaching activity.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
MusicTeacher c
has range
Music Venue c

usesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#uses

Property that models the fact that a human musician utilizes some kind of musical services.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
HumanMusician c
has range
MusicalService c

Data Properties

disability_typedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#disability_type

The type of disability of a person, in terms of the following categories: auditory-, cognitively-, motor-, and visually-impaired.
has domain
Person c
has range
{ "auditory-impaired" , "cognitively-impaired" , "motor-impaired" , "visually-impaired" }

displayed_moodop back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#displayed_mood

has range
M F O E M 000193 c
is also defined as
object property

expertise_leveldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#expertise_level

The expertise level of a musician (three constrained values: beginner, expert and intermediate).

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Musician c
has range
{ "Beginner" , "Expert" , "Intermediate" }

expressed_moodop back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#expressed_mood

has range
M F O E M 000193 c
is also defined as
object property

felt_moodop back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#felt_mood

has range
M F O E M 000193 c
is also defined as
object property

has_disabilitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#has_disability

Indicates wether a person has a disability or not.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Person c
has range
boolean

is_multiagent_eventdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#is_multiagent_event

This property is used to describe events that involve more than one agent.

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
top Data Property dp
has domain
Event c
has range
boolean

is_situateddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#is_situated

This property models whether ther act of a musician of participating to an event is situated (i.e., in presence) or dispalced (i.e., remote).
has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
boolean

is_solo_eventdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#is_solo_event

This property is used to describe events that involve only one agent.

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
top Data Property dp
has domain
Event c
has range
boolean

is_synchronousdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#is_synchronous

This property models whether ther act of a musician of participating to an event is synchronous or asynchronous.
has domain
MusicianParticipation c
has range
boolean

multi-instrumentalism_leveldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#multi-instrumentalism_level

This property is used to describe agents able to play either one musical instrument (single-instrumentalist) or more than one musical instrument (multi-instrumentalist)

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Musician c
has range
{ "multi-instrumentalist" , "single-instrumentalist" }

professional_leveldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#professional_level

The level of professionality of a musician (either amateur or professional)

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Musician c or MusiciansGroup c
has range
{ "Amateur" , "Professional" }

public accessdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/musico#public_access

A MusicalEvent may be either public or private
has super-properties
top Data Property dp
has domain
MusicalEvent c
has range
boolean

Annotation Properties

abstractap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract

based nearap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/based_near

contributorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor

createdap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

is Rule Enabledap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl#isRuleEnabled

licenseap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://web.resource.org/cc/license

nameap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name

rightsap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

SWRL rules

eventRecommendation_1back to ToC or SWRL ToC

Event Recommendation based on the event's location

HumanMusician c(?u) , MusicalEvent c(?ev) , event op(?ev,?pl) , based near op(?u,?pl) -> gets recommended event op(?u,?ev)

eventRecommendation_2back to ToC or SWRL ToC

Event Recommendation based on the user's friends interested in the event

HumanMusician c(?u) , MusicalEvent c(?ev) , knows op(?u,?o) , interested in op(?o,?ev) -> gets recommended event op(?u,?ev)

multi_instrumentalism_levelback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Change multi-intrumentalism level whenever the user plays 2 different instruments

HumanMusician c(?u) , plays_instrument op(?u,?a) , plays_instrument op(?u,?b) , notEqual(?a,?b) -> multi-instrumentalism_level dp(?u,"multi-instrumentalist")

userRecommendation_1back to ToC or SWRL ToC

Recommendation of a user based on the similarity of the genre played by the user and the genre played by others in the same city

HumanMusician c(?u) , HumanMusician c(?o) , notEqual(?u,?o) , based near op(?u,?city) , based near op(?o,?city) , plays_genre op(?u,?gen) , similar to op(?gen,?ggen) , plays_genre op(?o,?ggen) -> gets recommended user op(?u,?o)

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties

References back to ToC

  • Luca Turchet, Andrea Molinari, Jacopo Tomelleri, Paolo Bouquet. The Musician's Context Ontology: modeling the context for smart musical applications. Journal of Web Semantics, 2025.
  • L. Turchet, C. Fischione, G. Essl, D. Keller, and M. Barthet. Internet of Musical Things: Vision and Challenges. IEEE Access, 6, 61994–62017, 2018. PDF freely available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8476543/
  • L. Turchet, F. Antoniazzi, F. Viola, F. Giunchiglia, and G. Fazekas. The Internet of Musical Things Ontology. Journal of Web Semantics, 60, 100548, 2020. PDF freely available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2020.100548
  • L. Turchet. Smart Musical Instruments: vision, design principles, and future directions. IEEE Access, 7, 8944–8963, 2019. PDF freely available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8501898

    • Acknowledgments back to ToC

    The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.